Lionfish Lair
Renee
I'm looking for research articles that support the claim that garlic is harmful in supplemental doses. If you have the actual article to share THAT would be fantastic. If you just have the title, please still share, as I can probably still find the original piece.
It doesn't make a difference if it's saltwater focused or not. Studies with freshwater or brackish fish are also awesome.
PLEASE, if you have anything, please share!!
It doesn't make a difference if it's saltwater focused or not. Studies with freshwater or brackish fish are also awesome.
PLEASE, if you have anything, please share!!
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the immune response and disease resistance against Vibrio hmveyi infections in Asian sea bass Laces ca/carifer fingerlings through garlic (Allium sativum) added dietary doses. Garlic was supplemented into the diets at 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g/kg feed and fed to fish daily for two weeks. Control fed without garlic added diet Garlic-added feed led to increased survival for all treated groups and dose of garlic at 10 gtkg feed significantly improved survival to 83.35% compared with the controls (33.3%). In addition. there was a significant increase in growth, weight-gain and feed conversion in garlic-fed groups. Various haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters were studied. Erythrocytes, leucocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst. lysozyme. anti-protease and bactericidal activities were enhanced following feeding with garlic. Significantly higher serum protein, albumin and globulin levels were evident in treated groups. There was a reduction in serum glucose. lipids. triglycerides and cholesterol in treated groups compared to the control. The results indicate that garlic led to enhance the immunity by making L calcarifer more resistant to infection by V. harveyi.
Study goal was "to examine the immunostimulants efficiency of the garlic (Allium sativum) as a feed additive on haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood/serum of Asian sea bass, L. calcarifer in relation to immune response, and disease resistance."
Aquaculture is a steadily increasing sector. Intensive fish culture creates a highly stressful environment for fish that further restrains the immune response and outbreak of infection occurs (Kumari and Sahoo. 2005). lmmunostimulants by their broad-spectrum activity seem to be valuable for the control of fish diseases and therefore can be useful in fish culture. The results of the present study supports the growing idea that immunostimulants plants can trigger fish immune functions in any form of stress (Ardo' et al.. 2008) and they reverse the detrimental effects inte1vened by stress (Sahoo and Mukherjee, 2002, 2003). Garlic, an important medicinal herb, has a potent effect on pathogenic organisms but also has beneficial effects on the immune enhancement and cardiovascular systems
The diet was: "Garlic (A. sativum) was procured from the local market in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Bulbs of garlic were oven-dried, crushed into small grains/powdery form using a household electric grinder, and mixed directly with fish feed contents (Table 1) to achieve four diets 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g of garlic per kg of feed and control was without garlic. Water was added and the ingredients of basal diet mixed mechanically with the garlic by mixer (Hobart D300T) for 20 min at a low speed to assure the homogeneity of the ingredients."
The results as far as survivability "Fish fed with garlic-added feed showed remarkable reduction in mortality after challenge with V. harveyi. There was no mortality seen up to 20 hours (h) after challenge. Highest su1vival (83.3%) achieved in the group. which was fed garlic at 1 0 g/kg feed. However. fish fed garlic at 15 g and 20 g/kg produced same survival ratio respectively. Fish fed with garlic-added feed at various ratios showed significantly (p<0.05) higher survival percentage when compared with the control (Fig. 1 ). However. there were no significance differences observed among the fish groups fed with garlic-added feed (p>0.05)."
Conclusion:
"The results of the present study clearly emphasise the therapeutic and immuno-potential of garlic both to protect the fish from diseases caused by microbes and to act as fish growth and survival promoters. In conclusion, as it was evident f om this study, the non-specific immunity of fish and prevention of bacterial infections in culture systems could be achieved through the addition of garlic in the fish diet. Further studies should be focussed on the mechanism of action of garlic needed in determination of appropriate doses, with/or without other potential plants, for commercial balanced formulated diets for the sustainable development of Asian sea bass aquaculture.
The purpose of this study was to determine the immune response and disease resistance against Vibrio hmveyi infections in Asian sea bass Laces ca/carifer fingerlings through garlic (Allium sativum) added dietary doses. Garlic was supplemented into the diets at 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g/kg feed and fed to fish daily for two weeks. Control fed without garlic added diet Garlic-added feed led to increased survival for all treated groups and dose of garlic at 10 gtkg feed significantly improved survival to 83.35% compared with the controls (33.3%). In addition. there was a significant increase in growth, weight-gain and feed conversion in garlic-fed groups. Various haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters were studied. Erythrocytes, leucocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst. lysozyme. anti-protease and bactericidal activities were enhanced following feeding with garlic. Significantly higher serum protein, albumin and globulin levels were evident in treated groups. There was a reduction in serum glucose. lipids. triglycerides and cholesterol in treated groups compared to the control. The results indicate that garlic led to enhance the immunity by making L calcarifer more resistant to infection by V. harveyi.
Study goal was "to examine the immunostimulants efficiency of the garlic (Allium sativum) as a feed additive on haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood/serum of Asian sea bass, L. calcarifer in relation to immune response, and disease resistance."
Aquaculture is a steadily increasing sector. Intensive fish culture creates a highly stressful environment for fish that further restrains the immune response and outbreak of infection occurs (Kumari and Sahoo. 2005). lmmunostimulants by their broad-spectrum activity seem to be valuable for the control of fish diseases and therefore can be useful in fish culture. The results of the present study supports the growing idea that immunostimulants plants can trigger fish immune functions in any form of stress (Ardo' et al.. 2008) and they reverse the detrimental effects inte1vened by stress (Sahoo and Mukherjee, 2002, 2003). Garlic, an important medicinal herb, has a potent effect on pathogenic organisms but also has beneficial effects on the immune enhancement and cardiovascular systems
The diet was: "Garlic (A. sativum) was procured from the local market in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Bulbs of garlic were oven-dried, crushed into small grains/powdery form using a household electric grinder, and mixed directly with fish feed contents (Table 1) to achieve four diets 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g of garlic per kg of feed and control was without garlic. Water was added and the ingredients of basal diet mixed mechanically with the garlic by mixer (Hobart D300T) for 20 min at a low speed to assure the homogeneity of the ingredients."
The results as far as survivability "Fish fed with garlic-added feed showed remarkable reduction in mortality after challenge with V. harveyi. There was no mortality seen up to 20 hours (h) after challenge. Highest su1vival (83.3%) achieved in the group. which was fed garlic at 1 0 g/kg feed. However. fish fed garlic at 15 g and 20 g/kg produced same survival ratio respectively. Fish fed with garlic-added feed at various ratios showed significantly (p<0.05) higher survival percentage when compared with the control (Fig. 1 ). However. there were no significance differences observed among the fish groups fed with garlic-added feed (p>0.05)."
Conclusion:
"The results of the present study clearly emphasise the therapeutic and immuno-potential of garlic both to protect the fish from diseases caused by microbes and to act as fish growth and survival promoters. In conclusion, as it was evident f om this study, the non-specific immunity of fish and prevention of bacterial infections in culture systems could be achieved through the addition of garlic in the fish diet. Further studies should be focussed on the mechanism of action of garlic needed in determination of appropriate doses, with/or without other potential plants, for commercial balanced formulated diets for the sustainable development of Asian sea bass aquaculture.
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