Randy Holmes-Farley
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FWIW, this is the pure diffusion experiment I was referring to:
“Abstract:Bucket experiments were conducted to measure the rate of diffusion of oxygen into sea water, stripped of dissolved oxygen to about 1 mg/1, of "homogeneous" salinity of 26-30\permil and with a "stable" temperature gradient. In five successive tests, the water required about 60 hours, under calm laboratory conditions, to exceed 7 mg/1 at all depths in the bucket. Results of these tests indicated input of oxygen to be much more rapid than expected from molecular diffusion of the Fickian type, giving a diffusion coefficient of 6 \times 10^{-3} cm 2 sec -1 compared to 2 \times 10^{-5} cm 2 sec -1 . It is suggested that evaporation in the thin water layer at the air/ water boundary increases the salinity sufficiently to initiate the transfer of oxygen from the atmosphere into sea water by convective movements, even in the presence of a stable temperature gradient and in the absence of turbulence”
Diffusion of oxygen into still sea water
Bucket experiments were conducted to measure the rate of diffusion of oxygen into sea water, stripped of dissolved oxygen to about 1 mg/1, of "homogeneous" salinity of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">26-30\permil</tex> and with a...
ieeexplore.ieee.org
“Abstract:Bucket experiments were conducted to measure the rate of diffusion of oxygen into sea water, stripped of dissolved oxygen to about 1 mg/1, of "homogeneous" salinity of 26-30\permil and with a "stable" temperature gradient. In five successive tests, the water required about 60 hours, under calm laboratory conditions, to exceed 7 mg/1 at all depths in the bucket. Results of these tests indicated input of oxygen to be much more rapid than expected from molecular diffusion of the Fickian type, giving a diffusion coefficient of 6 \times 10^{-3} cm 2 sec -1 compared to 2 \times 10^{-5} cm 2 sec -1 . It is suggested that evaporation in the thin water layer at the air/ water boundary increases the salinity sufficiently to initiate the transfer of oxygen from the atmosphere into sea water by convective movements, even in the presence of a stable temperature gradient and in the absence of turbulence”