Belgian Anthias
Valuable Member
Iron in the reefaquarium?
Iron is of great importance for many metabolic processes since the redox potential between its two valence states Fe2+ and Fe3+ lies within the range of physiological processes. Actually, iron is not a rare element, it is fourth in abundance in the earth crust, but it is not readily available for microorganisms.
To increase the supply of soluble iron microorganisms may circumvent the problem by reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ , which seems to be of major importance for marine phytoplankton and marine bacteria An important alternative is the production of Fe3+ chelating compounds, so-called siderophores.(Herbert Budzikiewicz. “Microbial Siderophores | SpringerLink”, 17 februari 210AD. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-211-99661-4_1.)
Siderophores are small organic molecules produced by microorganisms under iron-limiting conditions which enhance the uptake of iron to the microorganisms. In environment, the ferric form of iron is insoluble and inaccessible at physiological pH (7.35–7.40). Under this condition, microorganisms synthesize siderophores which have high affinity for ferric iron. These ferric iron-siderophore complexes are then transported to cytosol. In cytosol, the ferric iron gets reduced into ferrous iron and becomes accessible to microorganism. In recent times, siderophores have drawn much attention due to its potential roles in different fields. Siderophores have application in microbial ecology to enhance the growth of several unculturable microorganisms and can alter the microbial communities.
(MaumitaEnCo2016) Saha, Maumita, Subhasis Sarkar, Biplab Sarkar, Bipin Kumar Sharma, Surajit Bhattacharjee, en Prosun Tribedi. “Microbial Siderophores and Their Potential Applications: A Review”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, nr. 5 (1 maart 2016): 3984–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4294-0.)
The production and use of Siderophores may play an important role on general health of organisms and all life in the closed environment of a reef aquarium. As Siderophores are produced in iron limiting conditions I assume Fe2+ferrous iron is meant and not Fe3+ ferric iron
Iron availability is very important for all microbial processes and photosynthesis .
What commercial available iron supplement is best for providing iron without interfering to much with the iron balance taking in consideration natural Siderophore production .
Is there an ideal Fe3+/Fe2+ proportion for a marine reefaquarium?
Is the addition of Fe2+ necessary as it may be provided by Fe3+ and the production of Siderophores. May the addition of Fe2+ provoke problems if it becomes unlimited available?
Is the used salt mix important for the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio and may the saltmix influence general health this way?
Iron is of great importance for many metabolic processes since the redox potential between its two valence states Fe2+ and Fe3+ lies within the range of physiological processes. Actually, iron is not a rare element, it is fourth in abundance in the earth crust, but it is not readily available for microorganisms.
To increase the supply of soluble iron microorganisms may circumvent the problem by reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ , which seems to be of major importance for marine phytoplankton and marine bacteria An important alternative is the production of Fe3+ chelating compounds, so-called siderophores.(Herbert Budzikiewicz. “Microbial Siderophores | SpringerLink”, 17 februari 210AD. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-211-99661-4_1.)
Siderophores are small organic molecules produced by microorganisms under iron-limiting conditions which enhance the uptake of iron to the microorganisms. In environment, the ferric form of iron is insoluble and inaccessible at physiological pH (7.35–7.40). Under this condition, microorganisms synthesize siderophores which have high affinity for ferric iron. These ferric iron-siderophore complexes are then transported to cytosol. In cytosol, the ferric iron gets reduced into ferrous iron and becomes accessible to microorganism. In recent times, siderophores have drawn much attention due to its potential roles in different fields. Siderophores have application in microbial ecology to enhance the growth of several unculturable microorganisms and can alter the microbial communities.
(MaumitaEnCo2016) Saha, Maumita, Subhasis Sarkar, Biplab Sarkar, Bipin Kumar Sharma, Surajit Bhattacharjee, en Prosun Tribedi. “Microbial Siderophores and Their Potential Applications: A Review”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, nr. 5 (1 maart 2016): 3984–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4294-0.)
The production and use of Siderophores may play an important role on general health of organisms and all life in the closed environment of a reef aquarium. As Siderophores are produced in iron limiting conditions I assume Fe2+ferrous iron is meant and not Fe3+ ferric iron
Iron availability is very important for all microbial processes and photosynthesis .
What commercial available iron supplement is best for providing iron without interfering to much with the iron balance taking in consideration natural Siderophore production .
Is there an ideal Fe3+/Fe2+ proportion for a marine reefaquarium?
Is the addition of Fe2+ necessary as it may be provided by Fe3+ and the production of Siderophores. May the addition of Fe2+ provoke problems if it becomes unlimited available?
Is the used salt mix important for the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio and may the saltmix influence general health this way?
