Faulty testing kits making me think my tank was cycled..

[BigMonkeyBrain]

This salinity refractometer has some Brix% feature which I’ve paid not really attention to. When I followed the measurements for mixing salt, it seemed like took more salt to get to 1.026 than what I thought it should. No 35ppt to compare. I’m trying to find more on the Brix.

You have a wine refractometer. Salt mixes I have used are usually 1/2 cup per gallon, then a little tweaking.

I make wine but use a hydrometer.


Probably happens !

“So let it be written, so let it be done”

 

[Kodock]

You have a wine refractometer. Salt mixes I have used are usually 1/2 cup per gallon, then a little tweaking.

I make wine but use a hydrometer.


Probably happens !

“So let it be written, so let it be done”

Welp.. there ya go.. that’s what I get for clicking on Amazon’s “Best Seller/Amazon” when trying to buy a salinity refractometer on Amazon. Holy heck…

 

[Kodock]

Mistakes were made new refractometer measures 1.041.. this is one for the books

 

[Garf]

Mistakes were made new refractometer measures 1.041.. this is one for the books

Lol. Randy has got a DIY refractometer calibration fluid using RODI and table salt, if you are interested.

https://reefkeeping.com/issues/2004-06/rhf/index.php

 

[Randy Holmes-Farley]

Randy, we all know your reputation and who you are, but the way you come across on the forums leaves something to be desired. You've rubbed me the wrong way more than once, and I've seen you called out on it in multiple settings. You should probably take stock of those things and re-evaluate how you approach people.

Since both you and the OP do not care for my approach or the info I am providing, I will attend to other folks issues.

 

[JNalley]

Since both you and the OP do not care for my approach or the info I am providing, I will attend to other folks issues.

Are you really that set in your ways that you won't accept a little criticism from an outside observer on *how* you interact with people? Your information is fine, but this shouldn't be the way you communicate with someone for the first time:

That's simply not correct.

I think you should stop randomly getting info from around the internet.

What is the evidence that you have problematic levels of ammonia? Smell only?

This is how us normal humans compute this interaction:

"No, you're wrong."
"You're stupid for believing the internet"
"Can you prove that your problem is xyz?"

Don't you see how this sounds a little confrontational?

 

[Randy Holmes-Farley]

You are of course welcome to your opinions about my responses. I have heard all sorts of criticisms and have made and admitted all sorts of mistakes worthy of criticism in the past 60 years. Other than being harsher than you prefer, which I am well aware of, I do not see anything worthy of my apologizing for, and I'm going to move on. I am not running for election or looking for likes. My main focus for decades has been, and will be, to correct incorrect chemical information that spreads like wildfire through the reefing community. Even if you do not appreciate the info because it wasn't delivered in a way you want to receive it, my role is completed as I believe I prevented others from reading and coming away with a mistaken impression of certain chemical facts.

That all said, this is not the place to debate my personality attributes, and I won't be responding further here. If it is important to you, feel free to start a new thread on this topic in my forum.

 

[Kodock]

Since both you and the OP do not care for my approach or the info I am providing, I will attend to other folks issues.

If you’re approach is to insult and ask condescending questions, then yea you can go attack someone new. While you part, maybe you can log a comparison between Brix% refractometers salinity vs a dedicated saltwater refractometer. I didn’t see it on your how to use a refractometer, not that it should be on there… and of why the reagents in the API ammonia test bind to high salinity, whereas another wouldn’t.. other than knowing the intricacies of their chemicals… as in if the salinity is too high, will test results be tainted.

 

[Kodock]

You are of course welcome to your opinions about my responses. I have heard all sorts of criticisms and have made and admitted all sorts of mistakes worthy of criticism in the past 60 years. Other than being harsher than you prefer, which I am well aware of, I do not see anything worthy of my apologizing for, and I'm going to move on. I am not running for election or looking for likes. My main focus for decades has been, and will be, to correct incorrect chemical information that spreads like wildfire through the reefing community. Even if you do not appreciate the info because it wasn't delivered in a way you want to receive it, my role is completed as I believe I prevented others from reading and coming away with a mistaken impression of certain chemical facts.

That all said, this is not the place to debate my personality attributes, and I won't be responding further here. If it is important to you, feel free to start a new thread on this topic in my forum.

You said nothing in your original response as to why it is incorrect, just that it was. Why not respond with facts or answers to information that might help you give guidance. You came here to flaunt your ego and nothing more. You don’t know why it was blue, so you found it better to call someone stupid since you had nothing to contribute. We’ll make sure that everyone consult with you on a hotline before doing anything on a saltwater tank. No information or advice on the internet is correct except for yours apparently. You don’t have all the answers, just a lot of them.

 

[Randy Holmes-Farley]

maybe you can log a comparison between Brix% refractometers salinity vs a dedicated saltwater refractometer. I didn’t see it on your how to use a refractometer, not that it should be on there…

Not sure exactly what you mean by a comparison, but how to use one to get salinity is here:

Refractometers and Salinity Measurement - REEFEDITION

Title photo by R2R member Rskillz By Randy Holmes-Farley Salinity is one of the most important parameters measured in reef aquaria. It controls not only the salt balance between an organism and its surrounding environment, but also the levels of a host of ions Read more here...

www.reefedition.com

Brix Refractometers

A commonly manufactured type of refractometer is called a Brix refractometer. Its scale usually reads in Brix, or % Brix (percent Brix). These refractometers are used in many industries to measure the concentration of sugar in water such as in the soft drink industry. They can be used to measure seawater’s salinity, but are not always precise enough around the range of seawater’s refractive index to be useful. A resolution of 0.2% Brix is common, and that is borderline acceptable for the reasons detailed below.

Table 4 shows the relationship between seawater salinity, refractive index and % Brix. If a refractometer has a resolution (not accuracy, but resolution, which is the finest amount it can distinguish) of 0.2 % Brix, then that translates to about +/- 1 ppt. So the best resolution would translate to 35 ppt seawater reading 34-36 ppt, which may be adequate for reef aquarists. A Brix refractometer that reads 0 to 10 % Brix with a resolution of 0.1% Brix might be a fine choice for determining seawater salinity in a reef aquarium, (although they are not inexpensive). Some Brix refractometers have a resolution of 0.5 % Brix or even 1% Brix, and they would not be suitable choices.

 

[Randy Holmes-Farley]

You said nothing in your original response as to why it is incorrect, just that it was.

I'm happy to expand on the science discussion.

No ammonia kit that I know of detects only free or bound ammonia unless it uses some sort of membrane to absorb only the free ammonia (NH3) and keep out ammonium (NH4+) that is charged and cannot penetrate the membrane. . The Seneye and the Seachem alert use a membrane and the Seachem free ammonia test (in their Multitest) uses little membrane disks. That way they can detect just the free ammonia.

Ammonia and ammonium are in instantaneous equilibrium, so any chemical reaction used to detect free ammonia will also detect the ammonium that rapidly becomes free ammonia. In practice most such kits use one of the two methods described in the article, converting all of the ammonium to free ammonia, and then just detect the free ammonia and report it as total ammonia. API and Salifert do that. An ammonia test that is just a vial of colored water is typically total ammonia for that reason.

FWIW, API and other test kits that turn green with ammonia are the salicylate types in the article below.
Salifert and others that turn yellow/orange/brown are Nessler types.

Ammonia and the Reef Aquarium by Randy Holmes-Farley - Reefkeeping.com

My suggestion is to always measure total ammonia. If a kit gives a choice of measuring free ammonia, don't bother. You can always use a table to convert total ammonia to free ammonia if there is a strong reason to do so. The reason to measure total ammonia is that the signal will be much larger, so the kit will be more capable of distinguishing a small reading of ammonia from no detectable ammonia.

 

[Kodock]

Not sure exactly what you mean by a comparison, but how to use one to get salinity is here:

Refractometers and Salinity Measurement - REEFEDITION

Title photo by R2R member Rskillz By Randy Holmes-Farley Salinity is one of the most important parameters measured in reef aquaria. It controls not only the salt balance between an organism and its surrounding environment, but also the levels of a host of ions Read more here...

www.reefedition.com

Brix Refractometers

A commonly manufactured type of refractometer is called a Brix refractometer. Its scale usually reads in Brix, or % Brix (percent Brix). These refractometers are used in many industries to measure the concentration of sugar in water such as in the soft drink industry. They can be used to measure seawater’s salinity, but are not always precise enough around the range of seawater’s refractive index to be useful. A resolution of 0.2% Brix is common, and that is borderline acceptable for the reasons detailed below.

Table 4 shows the relationship between seawater salinity, refractive index and % Brix. If a refractometer has a resolution (not accuracy, but resolution, which is the finest amount it can distinguish) of 0.2 % Brix, then that translates to about +/- 1 ppt. So the best resolution would translate to 35 ppt seawater reading 34-36 ppt, which may be adequate for reef aquarists. A Brix refractometer that reads 0 to 10 % Brix with a resolution of 0.1% Brix might be a fine choice for determining seawater salinity in a reef aquarium, (although they are not inexpensive). Some Brix refractometers have a resolution of 0.5 % Brix or even 1% Brix, and they would not be suitable choices.

In other words, to interpret the measurement using the specific Brix I have, in the first image I attached, to get 35ppt (1.025) I would looking for 4.4 on the left, but 1.017~ on the right side of the scale. I did see this chart in your article/post but it didn’t make sense as to why there is what appears to be salinity values on the right side.. The 1.33 number threw off my thought process, assuming 1.033 in another way.

 

[Randy Holmes-Farley]

and of why the reagents in the API ammonia test bind to high salinity, whereas another wouldn’t.. other than knowing the intricacies of their chemicals… as in if the salinity is too high, will test results be tainted.

Getting the salinity within the range expected by the kit is important.

Both Nessler kits and Salicylate kits are interfered with by both calcium and magnesium, and the kits remove them. If salinity is high, those will be higher than the kits expect and the kit may not have the capacity to remove them.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044848615301058

"Elevated calcium and magnesium (hardness) concentration and salinity can interfere with the determination of TAN concentration"

"Nessler's reagent raises the sample pH causing precipitation of calcium and magnesium (hardness cations) as hydroxides"

 

[Randy Holmes-Farley]

In other words, to interpret the measurement using the specific Brix I have, in the first image I attached, to get 35ppt (1.025) I would looking for 4.4 on the left, but 1.017~ on the right side of the scale. I did see this chart in your article/post but it didn’t make sense as to why there is what appears to be salinity values on the right side.. The 1.33 number threw off my thought process, assuming 1.033 in another way.

Ignore the sg on a Brix refractometer. That is the sg of a sugar solution with that refractive index, not seawater with that refractive index.

4.4 Brix on a seawater solution has a salinity of about 35 ppt and a sg of 1.0264.

1.333 is the refractive index, a type of number which is what the refractometer actually measures, but very few reefers use or report..

 

[Kodock]

Getting the salinity within the range expected by the kit is important.

Both Nessler kits and Salicylate kits are interfered with by both calcium and magnesium, and the kits remove them. If salinity is high, those will be higher than the kits expect and the kit may not have the capacity to remove them. Thank you!

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0044848615301058

"Elevated calcium and magnesium (hardness) concentration and salinity can interfere with the determination of TAN concentration"

"Nessler's reagent raises the sample pH causing precipitation of calcium and magnesium (hardness cations) as hydroxides"

That makes sense. I thought my Hanna checker was off/broken when it said 495+ calcium and the salifert test turned blue before I could add the reagents for the 2nd step which takes it from pink to blue after adding drops… or that I was somehow doing it wrong in the multiple tries.