I think ideally you change your prefilters based on pressure loss as well as volume of water filtered. Sediment filters clog and carbon is only good for processing X number of gallons per cartridge...or less if you have bad water. I think a lot of people aren't equipped to monitor their prefilters except for visually, so a lot of people replace the prefilters all at once when they can see any discoloration on the sediment filter. Since prefilters are generally cheap, it's not a bad cheat/strategy. (Someday I will add a pressure gauge, but for now I do this.)
Membranes can be monitored by TDS. Once they drop below their rating (often a few years if the prefilters are kept nice) they should be replaced. Be very aware that chlorine will literally chew holes in the rubber of an RO membrane, so it is crucial for your carbon not to wear out.
DI can also be monitored by TDS but many folks use color-changing (dyed) media instead. It's interesting to watch a color-changing cartridge with a TDS monitor to see how inaccurate the dye can be at indicating whether the media is exhausted or not. If you aren't equipped to measure TDS it's better than nothing, but TDS meters are cheap. :)
Just a few additional thoughts - hope they help!
-Matt