1) Not doing my research; this is overwhelmingly my greatest regret. While it was more difficult in the past before websites and resources like these, not having a basic understanding of reef chemistry and biology definitely led to multiple coral and fish deaths in the past. I remember having a yellow tang (small one) in a 20 gallon high. I didn't understand the importance of alkalinity and magnesium to coral growth even though I was trying to grow corals many years ago. I think that I have a better understanding of nutrient export now, and have set up my current tank in response to that (and it's working quite well! It's funny how well things typically go when you do things correctly). I like to think that I have enough self awareness that this isn't a significant issue most of the time any more.
2) Letting my emotions cloud my better judgement re: corals/fish/etc - it's really easy for me to buy a really nice frag without thinking of "Where will this frag go? In my current setup, is it going to receive appropriate light/water flow/conditions necesary for it to not only survive but thrive?" I currently struggle with this one.
3) Basic, routine maintenance. Partial water changes, while not as necessary as I thought they were in the past, are still important and shouldn't be skipped. Regular monitoring of alkalinity and replacement on a gradual (ideally, continuous) basis. It doesn't need to be a lot of maintenance if it's thought out well (change some activated charcoal every so often, replace the kalkwasser in a container, fill up the ATO, feed the fish, prune the macroalgae, change some water every so often), but it's still important. I also struggle with this one.
If I could start over from the beginning - I'd have read all of Randy's articles (especially the ones on reef water parameters, the role of alkalinity/Mg/Ca, nitrate export, and phosphate export), have started with non-Caulerpa macroalgae as the basis for nutrient export, and tried to size the fish I wanted to tank size better. Impulse coral buying for frags? That would still probably be an issue!
Edit: agree with quarantine tank. A cheap tank with a heater, powerhead, some PVC for places to hide, and a bag of MarinePure ceramic media works fine.
Edit 2: Julian Sprung's quote: "Bad things happen quickly, good things happen slowly."