Using BADES is a very reliable way to control the nitrogen content of a system. No reactor is needed. And any container can be used as a reactor. One can make it as expensive as desired. Using BADES one does not need ORP reading, peristaltic pumps, or any other expensive devices which are only needed to solve problems created by using them. A BADES reactor is NOT kept anoxic!
A BADESS , once in balance, becomes self-regulating.
Using BADES, one may remove +- 3 gr nitrate/liter sulphur using a BADES reactor, 800 mg nitrate can be exported daily using 1liter sulphur having a removal rate of 100%, resulting in a 0 nitrate effluent.
The higher the supply, the higher the amount of nitrate that can be removed per liter of sulfur, but with a lower yield. With a supply of 4.5 grams / lS, the efficiency drops to + - 30% and about 1.5 g NO3 / lS can be removed. To remove 3gr NO3 per liter of sulfur, a very high supply is therefore required. ( Hignette1997) ref: https://www.baharini.eu/baharini/doku.php?id=nl:badess:hoeveel_zwavel
Basic rule for using a BADES reactor. This basic rule can also be used by "sulfur denitrator" users.
If the total volume of the system has to pass through the reactor once a day to be able to remove the daily amount of nitrate produced, then a 1% reactor is required. If only half of the total system volume is required, a 0.5% reactor is required. If the volume of the system has to pass through the reactor twice a day, you need a 2% reactor, or rather two 1% reactors. For example, a system with a nitrate level of 0.5ppm and a daily nitrate production of 0.4ppm will require a sulfur volume of at least 0.8%. A simple rule that is easy to apply and provides a trouble-free reactor. This rule can also be converted into a simple formula for calculating the necessary contents of the reactor (s). The volume obtained is necessary to have enough space to reduce the amount of oxygen supplied to such an extent that sufficient autotrophic denitrification can take place. (Matricaria2007 )
If the necessary parameters are not known, it is recommended to use a reactor with a content of at least 1%.
The basic rule applies when zero nitrates are pursued in the reactor output water, following the MAAO method. (CMF DeHaes2017)
ref: https://www.baharini.eu/baharini/doku.php?id=nl:badess:basisregel
All info needed is made available for those who are interested!
A BADESS , once in balance, becomes self-regulating.
Using BADES, one may remove +- 3 gr nitrate/liter sulphur using a BADES reactor, 800 mg nitrate can be exported daily using 1liter sulphur having a removal rate of 100%, resulting in a 0 nitrate effluent.
The higher the supply, the higher the amount of nitrate that can be removed per liter of sulfur, but with a lower yield. With a supply of 4.5 grams / lS, the efficiency drops to + - 30% and about 1.5 g NO3 / lS can be removed. To remove 3gr NO3 per liter of sulfur, a very high supply is therefore required. ( Hignette1997) ref: https://www.baharini.eu/baharini/doku.php?id=nl:badess:hoeveel_zwavel
Basic rule for using a BADES reactor. This basic rule can also be used by "sulfur denitrator" users.
If the total volume of the system has to pass through the reactor once a day to be able to remove the daily amount of nitrate produced, then a 1% reactor is required. If only half of the total system volume is required, a 0.5% reactor is required. If the volume of the system has to pass through the reactor twice a day, you need a 2% reactor, or rather two 1% reactors. For example, a system with a nitrate level of 0.5ppm and a daily nitrate production of 0.4ppm will require a sulfur volume of at least 0.8%. A simple rule that is easy to apply and provides a trouble-free reactor. This rule can also be converted into a simple formula for calculating the necessary contents of the reactor (s). The volume obtained is necessary to have enough space to reduce the amount of oxygen supplied to such an extent that sufficient autotrophic denitrification can take place. (Matricaria2007 )
If the necessary parameters are not known, it is recommended to use a reactor with a content of at least 1%.
The basic rule applies when zero nitrates are pursued in the reactor output water, following the MAAO method. (CMF DeHaes2017)
ref: https://www.baharini.eu/baharini/doku.php?id=nl:badess:basisregel
All info needed is made available for those who are interested!