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Summary – optimal conditions for nitrifiers
The filter should give
- Enough space to colonize and maintain colonized and in direct contact with the streaming water
- No or few heterotrophs that compete about space
- Good oxygen concentration in the interface between biofilm and water
- NH3/NH4 (first step) and NO2 as energy resource
- Some PO4 in the water
- Alkalinity above 2 in KH
- A possibility for a fast flow that polishing the filter material
- The filter material should be course enough that it allows a thin interface between water and material all over the filter. Small pores should be avoided
- Free access for air in the whole filter
- Possibility to have a reversed flow of air through the filter – from the bottom up through the top
- Even spread of the water through the filter
- As high and maybe as narrow as possible allowing a strong stream through it
- No solid bottom - the water should not accumulate in the filter. Bottom of plastic grid as an example
- The water – flushed biofilms comes out into the water: If placed in sump – place it before the skimmer if you want the skimmer to take away the bacteria – if you want it up to your corals – place it before the return pump.