I started my tank with live sand and rock and a bottle of bacteria. I didn’t want to add fish for weeks and the lfs insisted I’d be fine.
I only saw a very small ammonia blip. The nitrites lasted a few days longer but were just barely detectable. I managed the nitrogen cycle in under a week.
My qt tank for fish is taking a lot longer to cycle. No rock, no sand, etc. so that’s my limiting factor. I suspect it depends more on what you’re starting with for how quickly you can add fish without stressing them too much.
Some Bio Spira will help if you are not already using it. Going forward, tuck a small sponge filter or bag of Matrix in the sump area of your display tank. Then if you need to set a qt tank up in a hurry, you can use this to have an instantly mature filter ready to go.