The sand rinse thread is a great resource.
From that thread, washing sand in tap water (right out of the hose, onto the concrete driveway in my experience) using a bucket, swirling, rinsing, repeating until all of the dust is removed has been provided the best results for my fish tank (I don't have sand in the reef) but I would use it where ever I had sand. Rinsing sand until it doesn't make dust does not impact the sand performance except going forward when you stir it up it will not make the dust clouds that you are now seeing when you do.
Rinse the sand, for the win!
EDIT_
Had to search it, hope this is correct link?
https://www.reef2reef.com/threads/official-sand-rinse-and-tank-transfer-thread.230281/post-2679676
there.!