Home improvement stores do not sell the same quality filters used in reef systems. Prefilters and carbons are there to protect the membrane from large particles and chlorine not remove TDS. They should be replaced every 6 months like clockwork and the system disinfected at that time while you have it apart.
Remember, prefilters and carbons have very little to absolutely nothing to do with TDS. They remove TSS or suspended solids, particulates and colloidal materials that are measured in microns like 1, 5, or 10 or even visible to the naked eye.
RO membranes and DI resins are the workhorse and remove the things that register as TDS, say in the 0.0001 micron range or dissolved in the water not suspended.
If your TDS is high you need to measure TDS from 3 points to determine where your problem lies, tap water TDS, RO only TDS and final or RO/DI TDS. It could be a bad membrane or exhausted DI resin or both. You should also do a check and possibly tune up on your system. What is your incoming water pressure both before and after the prefilter and carbon block? Thats one way to tell if they need replaced, not TDS. What is your water temperature? What is your waste ratio? This is a common problem and if its not in the 4:1 range could be causing problems.